late 1980s, and later secured

in the late 1980s, and later secured C801 anti-ship cruise missiles as part of its plan for an Anti-Access/Area Denial capability so Chinese military assistance to Iran during hostilities isn’t a new policy as much as a revival of past practice. The day before Israel attacked Iran, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) convened in Changsha, Hunan Province. China announced “zero-tariff treatment for 100 percent tariff lines to all 53 African countries having diplomatic relations with China.” The June FOCAC meeting complemented the September 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, a triennial summit that alternates between China and Africa, when more than 50 African leaders visited Beijing. At the Forum, China pledged US$50 billion in funding, ufabet